Internment of polysulfide in fractal carbon structure for high rate lithium-sulfur batteries

Rani, Poonam and Sarode, Krishna Kumar and Gaikwad, Mayur and Pathak, Anil D. and Sharma, Chandra S. (2021) Internment of polysulfide in fractal carbon structure for high rate lithium-sulfur batteries. Applied Surface Science, 564 (150294). ISSN 01694332

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Abstract

The development of Lithium-Sulfur (Li-S) batteries was hindered due to the insulating nature of sulfur and the high shuttling of Li-polysulfide in electrolytes. To address these stumbling blocks, we introduced a highly dense fractal-like candle soot (CS) carbon cloud on the three-dimensional (3D) glass fiber paper as an interlayer that adsorbs and provides sufficient sites for Li-polysulfide accommodation. The interlayer also retains the electrolyte with soluble Li-polysulfides and converts them into insoluble lower-order polysulfide (Li2S and Li2S2) without losing the electrical contact. Li-S cell is fabricated with activated candle soot (ACS) and sulfur (S) composite (ACS-S) as an electrode material. The candle soot-glass fiber interlayer (CS_IL) attained a high initial discharge capacity of 1139 mAh g−1 at a 0.5C rate and displayed excellent cyclic stability with reversible capacity of 865 mAh g−1 at the current rate of 2C for 100 cycles with coulombic efficiency of 95%. Further, the same cell was tested at a high charge/discharge rate of 7C, and exhibit excellent reversible capacity of 485 mAh g−1 with a long life of 400 cycle and high coulombic efficiency of 95%. The overall improvement of Li-S battery also evident with impedance analysis, H-cell adsorption testing, and shuttle factor calculations.

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