Acridine N ‐Heterocyclic Carbene Gold(I) Compounds: Tuning from Yellow to Blue Luminescence

Vaddamanu, Moulali and Sathyanarayana, Arruri and Masaya, Yamane and Sugiyama, Shohei and Kazuhisa, Ozaki and Velappan, Kavitha and Nandeshwar, Muneshwar and Hisano, Kyohei and Tsutsumi, Osamu and Prabusankar, Ganesan (2021) Acridine N ‐Heterocyclic Carbene Gold(I) Compounds: Tuning from Yellow to Blue Luminescence. Chemistry – An Asian Journal, 16 (5). pp. 521-529. ISSN 1861-4728

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Abstract

The synthesis and the luminescence features of three gold(I)-N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes are presented to study how the n-alkyl group can influence the luminescence properties in the crystalline state. The mononuclear gold(I)-NHC complexes, [(L1)Au(Cl)] (1), [(L2)Au(Cl)] (2), and [(L3)Au(Cl)] (3) were isolated from the reactions between [(tht)AuCl] and corresponding NHC ligand precursors, [N-(9-acridinyl)-N’-(n-butyl)-imidazolium chloride, (L1.HCl)], [N-(9-acridinyl)-N’-(n-pentyl)-imidazolium chloride, (L2.HCl)] and [N-(9-acridinyl)-N’-(n-hexyl)-imidazolium chloride, (L3.HCl)]. Their single-crystal X-ray analysis reveals the influence of the n-alkyl groups on solid-state packing. A comparison of the luminescence features of 1–3 with n-alkyl substituents is explored. The molecules 1–3 depicted blue emission in the solution state, while the yellow emission (for 1), greenish-yellow emission (for 2), and blue emission (for 3) in the crystalline phase. This paradigm emission shift arises from n-butyl to n-pentyl and n-hexyl in the crystalline state due to the carbon-carbon rotation of the n-alkyl group, which tends to promote unusual solid packing. Hence n-alkyl group adds a novel emission property in the crystalline state. Density Functional Theory and Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory calculations were carried out for monomeric complex, N-(9-acridinyl)-N’-(n-heptyl)imidazole-2-ylidene gold(I) chloride and dimeric complex, N-(9-acridinyl)-N’-(n-heptyl)imidazole-2-ylidene gold(I) chloride to understand the structural and electronic properties.

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