Selective electrochemical polymerization of 1-napthylamine on carbon electrodes and its pH sensing behavior in non-invasive body fluids useful in clinical applications

Vishnu, Nandimalla and Kumar, Annamalai Senthil and Pan, Guan Ting and Yang, Thomas C K (2018) Selective electrochemical polymerization of 1-napthylamine on carbon electrodes and its pH sensing behavior in non-invasive body fluids useful in clinical applications. Sensors and Actuators, B: Chemical, 275. pp. 31-42. ISSN 0925-4005

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Abstract

pH value of a non-invasive sample is an important biomarker in diagnosing certain clinical disorders of a human body. Herein, we report, a stable, surface-confined and redox active poly(1-naphthylamine) (PNPA) on multiwalled carbon nanotube modified gold and pencile graphite electrodes (Au/MWCNT@PNPA and PGE@PNPA) prepared via electrochemical polymerization of 1-naphthylamine (1-NPA) in pH 7 phosphate buffer solution for sensitive and selective pH monitoring of non-invasive samples (saliva, tears and urine). Control experiment with 2-NPA isomer failed to show such redox feature, indicating the selective electrochemical polymerization of 1-NPA. Physicochemical characterizations of MWCNT@PNPA by SEM, TEM, XPS, Raman, FTIR, UV–vis (an ethanolic extract) and several control electrochemical experiments revealed that 4th (para) position of 1-NPA isomer is involved in the initiation of electro-polymerization on a carbon surface and followed by a stable redox polymer formation. Interestingly, the redox peak responsible for pH sensing showed negligible to permissible level of alteration with several biochemicals. As as a diverse application, selective monitoring of bacterial (E. coli) growth was demonstrated using this new electrochemical pH sensor system with result comparable to that of conventional pH sensor.

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