Sha, R and Badhulika, Sushmee and Mulchandani, A
(2017)
Graphene-Based Biosensors and Their Applications in Biomedical and Environmental Monitoring.
In:
Springer Series on Chemical Sensors and Biosensors.
Springer, pp. 1-30.
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Abstract
Graphene, one atom thick sheet of sp2 bonded carbon atoms, is being envisioned as the next generation carbon material for highly diversified sensing applications and nanoelectronics. Graphene and its derivative, graphene oxide have opened up new era in the development of next generation biosensors due to their exceptional electrical, chemical, mechanical, optical properties and biocompatibility which include large surface to volume ration, excellent electrical conductivity, high thermal conductivity etc. This chapter covers the properties, functionalization of graphene and graphene oxide and their applications in biosensors. In specific, we discuss recent advancements of graphene/graphene oxide-based biosensors in significant applications of biomedical and environmental monitoring, emphasizing the sensing performances which include sensitivity, specificity, stability, reproducibility, limit of detection, and their applicability in real samples. Underlying sensing mechanisms have been systematically discussed in order to get better insight into how graphene and graphene oxide contribute to the performance of each biosensor. Wherever applicable, limitations of existing methodologies and future perspective have also been outlined and discussed.
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