CFD Simulation of Blood Flow through Carotid Artery Bifurcation with Stenosis

Srivastava, Atul (2017) CFD Simulation of Blood Flow through Carotid Artery Bifurcation with Stenosis. Masters thesis, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad.

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Abstract

Carotid artery disease is one of the most commonly occurring disease s and the ischemic brain strokes caused by the same is the third leading cause of deaths in the world. This disease gen erally manifests itself as a plaque (a stenosis) deposited on the endothelial layers of blood vessels in persons with high bad cholesterol, smokers and so forth. Depending upon the extent of stenosis, docto rs decide the type of treatment s and follow - up a p atient should be given. The most common site for plaque deposition is carotid artery bifurcation which is located near head - neck junction. Sudden changes in hemodynamics near th e bifurcation erode regions close to it and progressively lead to atheroscleros is t hereby making it absolutely critical to have a knowledge of blood flow dynamics around th ese regions of high risk s to decide possible chances and progression of the artery disease. This work attempts to achieve the same by observing changes in values o f WSS (Wall Shear Stress), TAWSS (Time Averaged Wall Shear Stress) and Flow Velocities with respect to changes in extent of stenosis, stenosis geometry and patient specific in - vivo blood velocities. This study tries to establish a relationship between afor ementioned parameters with the help of comprehensive 2D and 3D CFD model s to gain insights int o hemodynamics near bifurcation. The simulation results obtained were compared with actual in - vivo blood velocities taken from existing literature and agreement o f simulation data with pre - existing experimental data testifies t he quality of this model. This wor k establishes the importance of WSS values with extent of stenosis to decide its progression. Also, it is concluded that rather than using only the percentag e of stenosis as the sole criterion for treatment decisions, coupling them with patient specific blood velocities , blood constituents, artery wall elastic properties and the stenosis geometry can help doctors to t ake better diagnostic decisions and help sa ve more lives.

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