Synthesis and Characterization of Nano - Structured Lead and Lead Dioxide Electrodes for Advanced Lead - Acid Batteries - A Literature Survey

Hammad, A and Martha, Surendra Kumar (2015) Synthesis and Characterization of Nano - Structured Lead and Lead Dioxide Electrodes for Advanced Lead - Acid Batteries - A Literature Survey. Masters thesis, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad.

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Abstract

Nowadays batteries are used in almost all areas of living and hence they are becoming increasingly important to our life. Thus the critical issue to address is the reliability of the battery in these battery applications. It is essential due to its standby application and also stabilizes the electrical network in the automobiles which supplies energy even in the stationary position. They many design, many sizes and broad voltages. They have good It is known that the total capacity of a battery drops when it is charged and discharged multiple times i.e. they have limited cycle durability. And if it is found that a battery is too weak to offer sufficient energy then it should be replaced at the right time. But the current problem is that there is no reliable method available to estimate the remaining capacity of battery and to quantify the capacity loss. The only way of capacity estimation is complete discharge but it has a negative effect on the battery plates therefore it should not be used too frequently. Also it stabilizes electrical network of automobiles through voltage by virtue of which also provides continuously supply energy even in stationary mode. Valve regulated acid battery overcome these problems acid stratification, hydrogen evolution at negative, electrode grid corrosion as they happens in vented batteries.This thesis summarizes the research work in the development of a new synthesis of approach of Synthesis and Characterization of Nano-Structured Lead Dioxide Electrodes for Advanced Lead-Acid Batteries which is used as cathode and Make a battery using commercial material and take a charge/discharge at different rates and impedance. The main reason of goal why contemplating nanostructured over micro structured material because Prominent electronic and chemical properties, short diffusion paths for ion transport and electronic conduction. The nanomaterial particle size together with the highly porous microstructure and the large surface area lead to enhanced electrochemical activity of the nanostructured PbO2 electrode i.e. Ease of curing and electrochemical formation processes, good amount of active material utilization, hence good capacity (less sulfation) and cycle life. High surface area allow to fabricate batteries with small size and light weight provides High Energy Density.

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