Biomechanics of Traumatic Brain Injury

K, Tanu (2014) Biomechanics of Traumatic Brain Injury. Masters thesis, Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad.

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Abstract

This project is aimed to generate a 2D model of head to study biomechanics of head injuries due to external forces acting in different direction. The purpose of this work is the development of a 2D finite element model (FEM), using equations of elasticity and viscoelasticity to model the stress-strain distribution in the head due to external impacts. A variational constitutive model for soft biological tissues such as brain is utilized to reproduce axonal damage and cavitation injury through inelastic deformation and with the constitutive model for hard tissues such as brain possessing elastic properties. A constitutive model for these biological tissues is formulated with a finite strain regime. Most of the physiological damage to living tissues are caused by relative motions within the tissues (e.g. in head injury, due to relative motion between brain and skull), due to tensile and shearing structural failures. The Model includes skull, brain and CSF as major components so material response is split into elastic and viscoelastic components, including rate effects, shear and porous plasticity and finite viscoelasticity. To describe biological soft tissues such as brain tissue a viscoelastic material model is employed and to describe skull and cerebrospinal fluid we are an elastic model is employed. Skull is considered to be transverse isotropic. The present FEM simulation focuses on brain injuries from static and dynamic loading resulting from frontal, top, back and oblique head impacts and prediction of localization, extension, and intensity of tissue damage. In the present work, brain 2D geometry is generated from MRI of adult head. We intend to obtain insight into the severity of brain injury by modeling by analyzing the stress-strain pattern under static and dynamic loading.

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