Lead–carbon hybrid ultracapacitors fabricated by using sulfur, nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide as anode material derived from spent lithium-ion batteries

Muduli, Sadananda and Kaliprasad, Y. and Martha, Surendra Kumar (2022) Lead–carbon hybrid ultracapacitors fabricated by using sulfur, nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide as anode material derived from spent lithium-ion batteries. Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry. ISSN 1432-8488

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Abstract

The electrochemical-grade natural graphite flake prices are increasing day by day. Reusing and recycling graphite materials from the spent lithium-ion battery (LIB) is a prospective way to overcome the issue. This report presents the synthesis of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) from spent LIB by the improved Hummers method followed by calcination at 600 °C (RGO-600). S, N-RGO-600 was prepared by doping sulfur and nitrogen with RGO-600 through hydrothermal synthesis. Assynthesized S, N-RGO-600s have sheet-like morphology having uniform heteroatom doping. S- and N-doped RGO-600 delivers 375 F g−1 at 5 A g−1 compared to RGO-600 of 233 F g−1 and retains > 98% capacitance over 20,000 cycles. The lead–carbon hybrid ultracapacitors fabricated using in-situ activated PbO2 as cathode and S, N-RGO-600 composite electrode as anode deliver a specific capacitance of 564 F g−1 at 5 A g−1 and retain 90% capacitance after 15,000 cycles. The high capacitance and stable cycle life of RGO and S, N-RGO are due to easy access of electrolyte ions through mesoporous and layered graphitic carbons with redox-active functional moieties of sulfur and nitrogen. This work illustrates an easy and scalable synthesis root for RGO and S, N-RGO. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.] © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.

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IITH Creators:

IITH Creators	ORCiD
Martha, Surendra Kumar	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7762-7237

Item Type:

Article

Additional Information:

Sadananda Muduli acknowledges Ministry of Education, Govt. of India, for fellowship. We are happy to acknowledge MECSP-2K17 program of DST-IISc Energy Storage Platform on Supercapacitors and Power Dense Devices under the grant no. DST/TMD/MECSP/2K17/20 for financial support to this project work. Dr. P Vijayakumar from the Department of Chemistry at IIT Hyderabad is gratefully acknowledged here for help in XPS characterizations.

Uncontrolled Keywords:

Anode material; Electrochemical performance; Improved Hummers method; Lead–carbon hybrid ultracapacitor; Pseudo-capacitance; Sulfur, Nitrogen-doped RGO

Subjects:

Chemistry

Divisions:

Department of Chemistry

Depositing User:

. LibTrainee 2021

Date Deposited:

16 Jul 2022 10:35

Last Modified:

16 Jul 2022 10:35

URI:

http://raiithold.iith.ac.in/id/eprint/9750