A Hybrid Bipolar Active Charge Balancing Technique with Adaptive Electrode Tissue Interface (ETI) Impedance Variations for Facial Paralysis Patients

Moganti, Ganesh Lakshmana Kumar and Siva Praneeth, V. N. and Vanjari, Siva Rama Krishna (2022) A Hybrid Bipolar Active Charge Balancing Technique with Adaptive Electrode Tissue Interface (ETI) Impedance Variations for Facial Paralysis Patients. Sensors, 22 (5). p. 1756. ISSN 1424-8220

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Abstract

Functional electrical stimulation (FES) is a safe, effective, and general approach for treating various neurological disorders. However, in the case of FES usage for implantable applications, charge balancing is a significant challenge due to variations in the fabrication process and electrode tissue interface (ETI) impedance. In general, an active charge balancing approach is being used for this purpose, which has limitations of additional power consumption for residual voltage calibration and undesired neurological responses. To overcome these limitations, this paper presents a reconfigurable calibration circuit to address both ETI variations and charge balancing issues. This reconfigurable calibration circuit works in two modes: An impedance measurement mode (IMM) for treating ETI variations and a hybrid charge balancing mode (HCBM) for handling charge balance issues. The IMM predicts the desired stimulation currents by measuring the ETI. The HCBM is a hybrid combination of electrode shorting, offset regulation, and pulse modulation that takes the best features of each of these techniques and applies them in appropriate situations. From the results, it is proved that the proposed IMM configuration and HCBM configuration have an optimal power consumption of less than 44 µW with a power ratio ranging from 1.74 to 5.5 percent when compared to conventional approaches. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

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IITH Creators:

IITH Creators	ORCiD
Vanjari, Siva Rama Krishna	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5880-4023

Item Type:

Article

Uncontrolled Keywords:

Active charge balancing; Electrode shorting; Electrode tissue interface impedance; Functional electrical stimulation; Pulse insertion and pulse modulation

Subjects:

Electrical Engineering
Electrical Engineering > Electrical and Electronic

Divisions:

Department of Electrical Engineering

Depositing User:

. LibTrainee 2021

Date Deposited:

20 Jul 2022 12:10

Last Modified:

20 Jul 2022 12:10

URI:

http://raiithold.iith.ac.in/id/eprint/9598