The effect of environment on Type Ia supernovae in the Dark Energy Survey three-year cosmological sample

Kelsey, L and Sullivan, M and Smith, M and Wiseman, P and Brout, D and Davis, T M and Frohmaier, C and Galbany, L and Grayling, M and Gutiérrez, C P and Hinton, S R and Kessler, R and Lidman, C and Möller, A and Sako, M and Scolnic, D and Uddin, S A and Vincenzi, M and Abbott, T M C and Aguena, M and Allam, S and Annis, J and Avila, S and Bacon, D and Bertin, E and Brooks, D and Burke, D L and Carnero Rosell, A and Carrasco Kind, M and Carretero, J and Castander, F J and Costanzi, M and da Costa, L N and Desai, Shantanu and Diehl, H T and Doel, P and Everett, S and Ferrero, I and Ferté, A and Flaugher, B and Fosalba, P and García-Bellido, J and Gerdes, D W and Gruen, D and Gruendl, R A and Gschwend, J and Gutierrez, G and Hollowood, D L and Honscheid, K and James, D J and Kim, A G and Kuehn, K and Kuropatkin, N and Lahav, O and Lima, M and Marshall, J L and Martini, P and Menanteau, F and Miquel, R and Morgan, R and Ogando, R L C and Palmese, A and Paz-Chinchón, F and Plazas, A A and Romer, A K and Sánchez, C and Sanchez, E and Serrano, S and Sevilla-Noarbe, I and Suchyta, E and Tarle, G and Thomas, D and To, C and Varga, T N and Walker, A R and Wilkinson, R D (2020) The effect of environment on Type Ia supernovae in the Dark Energy Survey three-year cosmological sample. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 501 (4). pp. 4861-4876. ISSN 0035-8711

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Abstract

Analyses of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) have found puzzling correlations between their standardized luminosities and host galaxy properties: SNe Ia in high-mass, passive hosts appear brighter than those in lower mass, star-forming hosts. We examine the host galaxies of SNe Ia in the Dark Energy Survey 3-yr spectroscopically confirmed cosmological sample, obtaining photometry in a series of 'local' apertures centred on the SN, and for the global host galaxy. We study the differences in these host galaxy properties, such as stellar mass and rest-frame U - R colours, and their correlations with SN Ia parameters including Hubble residuals. We find all Hubble residual steps to be >3σ in significance, both for splitting at the traditional environmental property sample median and for the step of maximum significance. For stellar mass, we find a maximal local step of 0.098 ± 0.018 mag; ∼0.03 mag greater than the largest global stellar mass step in our sample (0.070 ± 0.017 mag). When splitting at the sample median, differences between local and global U - R steps are small, both ∼0.08 mag, but are more significant than the global stellar mass step (0.057 ± 0.017 mag). We split the data into sub-samples based on SN Ia light-curve parameters: stretch (x1) and colour (c), finding that redder objects (c > 0) have larger Hubble residual steps, for both stellar mass and U - R, for both local and global measurements, of ∼0.14 mag. Additionally, the bluer (star-forming) local environments host a more homogeneous SN Ia sample, with local U - R rms scatter as low as 0.084 ± 0.017 mag for blue (c < 0) SNe Ia in locally blue U - R environments. © 2021 2020 The Author(s) Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Astronomical Society.

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