Towards planar realization of true 3D display

Chintala, Ramesh Babu and Singh, Shiv Govind (2020) Towards planar realization of true 3D display. Masters thesis, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad.

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Abstract

Human beings devote 50% of the brain to process visual content [1]. In today's world, the information has many dimensions. But, the traditional display systems cater only to 2 dimensions (2D). There is plenty of data that needs to be seen in three dimensions (3D), that includes research and industry. However, until today, 3D is viewed in 2 dimensions as slices of the third dimension or a single view in 3D, inviting the diligence of the viewer to take part. The stereoscopic displays which require glasses to be worn cause discomfort in viewing for a long time or for some content that moves faster on the screen. This is because the existing 3D displays are not true 3D. For a complete or true 3D display system, it should be able to display multiple views in 3 dimensions simultaneously. In autostereoscopic displays, wearables are not required and viewer can see multiple 3D views but the content is not smooth. Multiple views require multiple locations and viewer can observe jumps between scenes. A true 3D display should function like a window to the real world. Even the slightest movement in the viewer's position should produce di_erent content as in the real world. In other words, it should replicate the light _eld emitted by the real scene. Few companies like Hologra_ka and Zecotek developed true 3D displays. The problem with Hologra_ka's Holovizio display is that it uses many projectors and it is bulky. They consume lot of power. Zecotek uses time multiplexing scheme. Therefore, it needs the movement of parts mechanically and at a faster pace. These mechanical parts can wear in the long run. So with these drawbacks it is un_t to end consumers. In this thesis, a way to achieve true 3D displays is explored. In the process, the human visual system (HVS) is studied, i.e. the depth cues that are required for a display to render to, the cues an HVS uses to perceive 3D. A new solution is proposed to make the bulky screen at and compact, without any mechanical movements involved, without any wearables, less power consumption and to render all the depth cues. This new proposal takes the motivation from the photonics, phase gradient metasurface, etc. The use of nano structures makes the screen appear at. Guiding the light wave through the nanostructure is challenge as the nanostructures that make the metasurface are sub-wavelength. A display unit in 3D display should emit light rays in di_erent directions with di_erent intensities in a controlled way. Nano pillars are used to design phase gradient metasurfaces which bend the light in di_erent directions with di_erent intensities. Nano pillars are used to are used to design the phase gradient metasurface. The dimensions, radius and height, of them are comparable to wavelength of light. Mainly The concept of e_ective refractive index of nanopillars is used to design phase gradient metasurface.

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