Wireless Sensor Network for Real Time Pollution Monitoring and Smart Grid Applications

Baig, M S and Rajalakshmi, P (2019) Wireless Sensor Network for Real Time Pollution Monitoring and Smart Grid Applications. Masters thesis, Indian institute of technology Hyderabad.

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Abstract

Wireless sensor nodes are electronic boards made up of sensors, processor and communication modules. Generally they are battery powered which limits its functionality, reliability and durability in many aspects. These nodes are use to collect information from various environments which extend from favorable one such as office environment to very harsh environments such as factories, deserts and forests. It is very important for the sensor nodes to provide the reliable information as based on these certain control systems will be planned. Apart from on-board challenges, pervasive sensor network will face many different challenges depending on the environment in which they are deployed. Every different use case has a different set of problems to be answered to make the network robust and reliable. In this thesis, we have studied the challenges of pervasive sensor network for two different applications viz., Air Pollution Monitoring and Smart Grid. We have employed a real time implementation technique to understand and analyze the problems of sensor network for Air Pollution Monitoring. As an outcome of our research, we have developed a low cost sensor node, which answers few of the problems associated with sensor networks. To study the application and challenges of pervasive sensor network in smart grid, we have adopted simulation method. Different communication technologies are simulated viz., Wi-Fi, Cognitive Radio and Cellular Networks to understand the pros and cons of each of them so that to analyze whether they meet the latency and other criteria of smart grid applications. Cognitive radio is found to be promising in providing free long distance communication for nonreal time application such as Field area network within smart grid paradigm whereas Wi-Fi could be consider as fall back medium in presence of primary user of licensed spectrum. Spectrum sensing turns out to be the biggest problem in cognitive radio technology.

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