Do tau lepton branching fractions obey Benford’s Law?

Dantuluri, Aisha and Desai, Shantanu (2018) Do tau lepton branching fractions obey Benford’s Law? Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, 506. pp. 919-928. ISSN 0378-4371

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Abstract

According to Benford's law, the most significant digit in many datasets is not uniformly distributed, but obeys a well defined power law distribution with smaller digits appearing more often. Among one of the myriad particle physics datasets available, we find that the leading decimal digit for the tau lepton branching fraction shows marginal disagreement with the logarithmic behavior expected from the Benford distribution. We quantify the deviation from Benford's law using a chi(2) function valid for binomial data, and obtain a chi(2) value of 16.9 for nine degrees of freedom, which gives a p-value of about 5%, corresponding to a 1.6 sigma disagreement. We also checked that the disagreement persists under scaling the branching fractions, as well as by redoing the analysis in a numerical system with a base different from 10. Among all the digits, '9' shows the largest discrepancy with an excess of 4 sigma. This discrepancy is because the digit '9' is repeated for three distinct groups of correlated modes, with each group having a frequency of two or three, leading to double counting. If we count each group of correlated modes only once, the discrepancy for this digit also disappears and we get pristine agreement with Benford distribution.

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