True 3D Display: Technological Feasibility of a Flatscreen Solution

Gadari, Adarsh and Jana, Soumya (2018) True 3D Display: Technological Feasibility of a Flatscreen Solution. Masters thesis, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad.

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Abstract

Human beings devote 50% of the brain to process visual content[1]. In today's world, the information has many dimensions. But, the display systems cater only to 2 dimensions(2D). There is plenty of data that needs to be seen in three dimensions(3D), especially for doctors(for instance MRI scans,etc.). But, until today, 3D is viewed in 2 dimensions as slices of the third dimension or a single view in 3D, inviting the diligence of the viewer to take part. The existing glasses worn 3D displays cause discomfort in viewing for a long time or some content that moves faster on the screen. This is because the existing 3D displays are not true 3D. A true 3D display should function like a window to the real world. Even the slightest movement in the viewer's position should see the different content as in the real world. The existing 3D displays don't render the same but instead, they provide one view in 3 dimensions. For a complete or true 3D display system, it should be able to display multiple views in 3 dimensions simultaneously. In other words, it should replicate the light field emitted by the real scene. Few companies like Holografika and Zecotek developed true 3D displays. The Problem with Holografika's Holovizio display is that it uses many projectors and it is bulky. Zecotek uses time multiplexing scheme. Therefore, it needs the movement of parts mechanically and at a faster pace. These mechanical parts can wear in the long run. There are displays developed which track the head movement of the viewer to display the corresponding view. For instance, HP's Echo Pixel true 3D display. Also, the viewer should wear glasses to view the 3D visuals. In this thesis, a way to achieve true 3D displays was explored. In the process, the human visual system(HVS) is studied, i.e. the depth cues that are required for a display to render to, the cues an HVS uses to perceive 3D. A new solution is proposed to make the bulky screen at, without any mechanical movements involved, without any wearables, and to render all the depth cues. This new proposal takes the motivation from the antennas, optical �bre, etc.The use of nano structures makes the screen appear at. Guiding the light wave through the nanostructure is the challenge as the nanostructures that make the metasurface are sub-wavelength. This challenge is addressed by optical �bre structure, where the light is confined to the core. The nanostructures, cylinders, here are made to function like an antenna where the directional emission of light is achieved. This technology, when incorporated in a display, by using space multiplexing, light field can be reproduced. Nano tubes with different diameters are arranged in a particular pattern to achieve the required bending of the light. The phase delay produced by different diameters for different wavelengths is calculated. For the sampled phases, like �/4, �, 3�/4, diameters are suggested for red, green and blue light wavelengths.

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