High Speed Hardware Constrained Architecture Design Methodology for Real Time Detection & Classification of LPI Radar Complex Phase coded signals

Gollapudi, Rajesh and Acharyya, Amit (2018) High Speed Hardware Constrained Architecture Design Methodology for Real Time Detection & Classification of LPI Radar Complex Phase coded signals. Masters thesis, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad.

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Abstract

The thesis aims to develop real time methodology to detect and classification of Low Probability Intercept (LPI) Radar phase coded signals for Radar Electronic Support (ES) systems for military use. The ES system gathers intelligence through passive "listening" to electromagnetic radiations of military interest without any of idea of signal being intercepted. The Radar ES system has to detect, intercept, identify, locate, record, and/or analyze sources of radiated electromagnetic energy (i.e. Radars) for the purposes of immediate threat recognition such as warning that fire control RADAR has locked on a combat vehicle, ship, or aircraft. As the technology is growing, lot of advanced LPI Radars incorporated in modern platforms & weapon system. These LPI radars create a requirement for modern ES systems to develop new techniques, strategies, and equipment to intercept and counter the LPI Radar signals. In essence, Development of new techniques for ES system and Radar system is a cat and mouse game. One side devises a new method and the other side figures out a way to protect against it. With the constant advances in electronics, this game is developing rapidly and finally who is going to win the war is decided by the technologies and techniques being used in ES system for identifying the emitter (i.e. Radar) type or Radar system which camouflage from the ES system. The LPI Radar signals consist of complex Frequency & Phase modulation incorporated for range resolution and to prevent interception by ES receiver. The Phase modulations include Barker, Quaternary Barker & Poly-phase signals such as P1, P2, P3, P4 & Frank code signals. The primary objective of this thesis is to investigate methods and means to detect and classify the phase coded LPI Radar threats and focus on development of real-time detection methodology. A new technique is proposed for extraction of phase of the detected signals using Short Time Fourier Transform (STFT). The STFT extracts frame by frame frequency and instantaneous phase information. Differential frame to frame phase information is extracted and checks for phase modulations present in the signals. The gradient of frame to frame phase difference is measure of phase change occurred in previous frame. The thesis also focused on real time implementation of FFT to process the wideband signals in the order of Giga Hertz. By employing Radix 24 architecture 256 point FFT architecture is implemented on hardware continuously operate at 10 GSPS data rate allowing real time operation to handle bandwidth of 5 GHz. The design is synthesized with Xilinx Virtex-7 FPGAs. Experimental results show that detection of various LPI Radar phase coded modulations.

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