Zinc Oxide Nanowire Based Biosensors on Flexible Substrate for Point -Of -Care Applications

Paul, K B and Singh, Shiv Govind (2017) Zinc Oxide Nanowire Based Biosensors on Flexible Substrate for Point -Of -Care Applications. PhD thesis, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad.

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Abstract

Early diagnosis is the important aspect of the improvement in disease control and prevention. In this concern, there is a significant need for the development of Point of care (POC) devices, which will provide a cutting edge for early detection of life threatening diseases, especially cancer and tropical infectious disease. Despite the numerous diagnostics tools have been developed, POC devices with exceptional merits over conventional devices in terms of sensitivity, detection limit, reduced reagent consumption, miniaturization, and portability such as blood glucometer are still needed. Nowadays, significant advances in nanoscience and nanotechnology are leading to develop highly sensitive POC diagnostic devices by utilizing their properties in nano regime such as excellent conductivity and large surface area. However, the conductivity enhancement and surface modification for biomarker functionalization continuous to be a challenge towards the realization of on chip immunosensing devices. In this respect, one dimensional (1D) nanostructures such as nanowires, nanotubes, and nanocomposites plays a critical role in medical diagnostics, including on chip fabrication of biosensors for in vitro as well as in vivo POC applications. 1D metal oxide semiconducting nanowires have shown great potential for the development of highly sensitive POC device in clinical applications. In particular, 1D Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanostructures, with their unique properties such as biocompatibility, nontoxicity, high isoelectric point (IEP), and higher electron transfer capability have attracted growing interest in POC device fabrication. Thanks to their tunable properties by doping or incorporating the suitable materials, which offer the enhancement in sensitivity and surface modification for molecule immobilization. The main objective of this thesis is to develop flexible substrate integrated zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowire based biosensors for POC application, with a particular viii focus on detecting biomarkers related to infectious and cancer disease. The thesis demonstrates synthesis of 1D ZnO nanowires by electrospinning method, conductivity enhancement by doping, material characterization, and functionalization procedures towards the realization of flexible substrate integrated on chip POC devices.

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