New Antimony Selenide / Nickel Oxide Photocathode Boosts the Efficiency of Graphene Quantum Dots Co-sensitized Solar Cell

Kolay, Ankita and Kokal, Ramesh K and Kalluri, Ankarao and Macwan, Isaac and Patra, Prabir K and Ghosal, Partha and M, Deepa (2017) New Antimony Selenide / Nickel Oxide Photocathode Boosts the Efficiency of Graphene Quantum Dots Co-sensitized Solar Cell. ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces. ISSN 1944-8244 (In Press)

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Abstract

A novel assembly of a photocathode and photoanode is investigated to explore their complementary effects in enhancing the photovoltaic performance of a quantum dot solar cell (QDSC). While p-type nickel oxide (NiO) has been used previously, antimony selenide (Sb2Se3) has not been used in a QDSC, especially as a component of a counter electrode (CE) architecture that doubles up as the photocathode. Here, near infrared (NIR) light absorbing Sb2Se3 nanoparticles (NPs) coated over electrodeposited NiO nanofibers on a carbon (C)-fabric substrate was employed as the highly efficient photocathode. Quasi-spherical Sb2Se3 NPs, with a band gap of 1.13 eV, upon illumination release photoexcited electrons in addition to other charge carriers at the CE to further enhance the reduction of the oxidized polysulfide. The p-type conducting behavior of Sb2Se3, coupled with a work function at 4.63 eV, also facilitate electron injection to polysulfide. The effect of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) as co-sensitizers as well as electron conduits is also investigated where a TiO2/CdS/GQDs photoanode structure in combination with a C-fabric CE delivered a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 5.28%, which is a vast improvement over the 4.23 % that is obtained by using a TiO2/CdS pho-toanode (without GQDs) with the same CE. GQDs due to a superior conductance, impact efficiency more than Sb2Se3 NPs do. The best PCE of a TiO2/CdS/GQDs-nS2-/Sn2--Sb2Se3/NiO/C-fabric cell is 5.96% (0.11 cm2 area), which when replicated on a smaller area of 0.06 cm2, is seen to increase dramatically to 7.19%. The cell is also tested for 6 h of continuous irradiance. The rationalization for the channelized photogenerated electron movement which augments the cell performance is furnished in detail in these studies.

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