Some Aspects of Neutrino Oscillations Parameters

Charsarajupalli, Upender (2016) Some Aspects of Neutrino Oscillations Parameters. PhD thesis, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad.

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Abstract

Neutrino physics has assumed greater importance in the active research since many years and is influencing many sciences like the particle physics, astrophysics, cosmology, nuclear physics and Geo- physics. In 1930, Wolfgang Pauli in his pioneering studies on neutrino proposed the necessity of a new particle to retain the law of conservation of energy and momentum during the β-decay process, which was conceived to be both chargeless and massless. Later, Fermi adopted the concept of new particle of Puali in developing a path-breaking β-decay theory and designated it as neutrino which means a tiny neutral one in Italian language. However, experimentally the neutrino was first discovered in 1959 by Clyde Cowan and Fred Reines from the nuclear reactor at the Savannah River in South Carolina which fetched them a Noble prize in 995.Interestingly, subsequent to the discovery of the neutrino in β-decay process two other types of neutrino were discovered associated with muon and tauon particles respectively. The muon type neutrino came into light in Pion decay process observed during collaborative studies by the national Laboratory and CERN led by Leon Lederman, Melvin Schwartz and Jack Steinberger at Brookhaven. This discovery was applauded with a noble prize in 1988. The tauon type neutrinos existence was proven in July 2000 by the DONUT experiment launched to study the Direct Observations of the ντ in Fermilab. These three subatomic particles are divided into three generations that are analogous to the quark generations. The neutrinos are super abundantly available in nature unlike the other particles and possess fascinating properties like they are electrically neutral and colorless. Therefore, passes through the whole diameter of the Earth without interacting with the medium and are categorized under weak fundamental interactions.

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