Biomaterial-based platforms for modulating immune components against cancer and cancer stem cells

Hasan, Uzma and Giri, Jyotsnendu (2023) Biomaterial-based platforms for modulating immune components against cancer and cancer stem cells. Acta Biomaterialia, 161. pp. 1-36. ISSN 17427061

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Abstract

Immunotherapy involves the therapeutic alteration of the patient's immune system to identify, target, and eliminate cancer cells. Dendritic cells, macrophages, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and regulatory T cells make up the tumor microenvironment. In cancer, these immune components (in association with some non-immune cell populations like cancer-associated fibroblasts) are directly altered at a cellular level. By dominating immune cells with molecular cross-talk, cancer cells can proliferate unchecked. Current clinical immunotherapy strategies are limited to conventional adoptive cell therapy or immune checkpoint blockade. Targeting and modulating key immune components presents an effective opportunity. Immunostimulatory drugs are a research hotspot, but their poor pharmacokinetics, low tumor accumulation, and non-specific systemic toxicity limit their use. This review describes the cutting-edge research undertaken in the field of nanotechnology and material science to develop biomaterials-based platforms as effective immunotherapeutics. Various biomaterial types (polymer-based, lipid-based, carbon-based, cell-derived, etc.) and functionalization methodologies for modulating tumor-associated immune/non-immune cells are explored. Additionally, emphasis has been laid on discussing how these platforms can be used against cancer stem cells, a fundamental contributor to chemoresistance, tumor relapse/metastasis, and failure of immunotherapy. Overall, this comprehensive review strives to provide up-to-date information to an audience working at the juncture of biomaterials and cancer immunotherapy. Statement of significance: Cancer immunotherapy possesses incredible potential and has successfully transitioned into a clinically lucrative alternative to conventional anti-cancer therapies. With new immunotherapeutics getting rapid clinical approval, fundamental problems associated with the dynamic nature of the immune system (like limited clinical response rates and autoimmunity-related adverse effects) have remained unanswered. In this context, treatment approaches that focus on modulating the compromised immune components within the tumor microenvironment have garnered significant attention amongst the scientific community. This review aims to provide a critical discussion on how various biomaterials (polymer-based, lipid-based, carbon-based, cell-derived, etc.) can be employed along with immunostimulatory agents to design innovative platforms for selective immunotherapy directed against cancer and cancer stem cells.

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IITH Creators:

IITH Creators	ORCiD
Giri, Jyotsnendu	http://www.orcid.org/0000-0002-2313-4912

Item Type:

Article

Uncontrolled Keywords:

Biomaterials; Cancer immunotherapy; Cancer stem cells; Immune modulation; Immune targeting; antigen presenting cell; bioengineering; cancer associated fibroblast; cancer immunotherapy; cancer recurrence; cancer stem cell; cell fate; cell homing; dendritic cell; drug delivery system; exosome; human; hydrophobicity; immunocompetent cell; immunomodulation; myeloid-derived suppressor cell; nonhuman; nuclear reprogramming; particle size; polymerization; regulatory T lymphocyte; Review; surface charge; surface property; target cell; tumor draining lymph node; tumor immunity; tumor immunogenicity; tumor microenvironment; tumor promotion; tumor-associated macrophage; cancer stem cell; immunotherapy; neoplasm; pathology; procedures; Biocompatible Materials; Humans; Immunotherapy; Lipids; Neoplasms; Neoplastic Stem Cells; Tumor Microenvironment; Carbon; Cell culture; Cell proliferation; Diseases; Immune system; Stem cells; Tumors; biomaterial; carbon nanoparticle; immunological adjuvant; immunomodulating agent; lipid nanoparticle; metal nanoparticle; molecular scaffold; nanocarrier; nanoparticle; polymer; silica nanoparticle; biomaterial; lipid; Cancer cells; Cancer immunotherapy; Cancer stem cells; Carbon-based; Immune cells; Immune modulation; Immune targeting; Immunotherapeutics; Polymer based; Tumor microenvironments

Subjects:

Others > Biotechnology
Biomedical Engineering
Biomedical Engineering > Stem cell research

Divisions:

Department of Biomedical Engineering
Department of Biotechnology

Depositing User:

Mr Nigam Prasad Bisoyi

Date Deposited:

12 Sep 2023 06:51

Last Modified:

12 Sep 2023 06:51

URI:

http://raiithold.iith.ac.in/id/eprint/11668