Monolithic Composite Electrodes Comprising Silicon Nanoparticles Embedded in Lignin-derived Carbon Fibers for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Rios, K and Martha, Surendra Kumar and McGuire, M A and Tenhaeff, W and More, K and Daniel, C and Nanda, J (2014) Monolithic Composite Electrodes Comprising Silicon Nanoparticles Embedded in Lignin-derived Carbon Fibers for Lithium-Ion Batteries. Energy Technology, 2 (9-10). pp. 773-777. ISSN 2194 – 4288

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Abstract

We report direct manufacturing of high-capacity carbon/silicon composite fiber electrodes for lithium-ion batteries produced via a flexible low-cost melt processing route, yielding low-cost stable silicon particles coated in situ by a 10 nanometer thick protective silica layer. The core–shell silicon/SiO2 islands are embedded in electrochemically active and electronically conductive carbon fiber derived from lignin precursor material. The silicon–silica–carbon composites exhibit capacities exceeding 700 mAh g−1 with Coulombic efficiencies in excess of 99.5 %. The high efficiency, stability, and rate capability are linked to the nanocrystalline structure and abundant, uniform nanometer-thick SiO2 interfaces that are produced during the spinning and subsequent pyrolysis of the precursor blend.

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